The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Chenopodium album aqueous methanolic extract supplementation on the immunological and haematological indices, digestive enzyme activity and growth performance of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). C. album was added to a basal diet at the rate of 0 (CA0), 0.01 (CA0.01), 0.05 (CA0.05) and 0.1 g kg−1 (CA0.1), and C. carpio was fed this diet for 45 days. Respiratory burst activity was significantly increased in all experimental groups on days 15 and 30 compared to the control (P < 0.05). Lysozyme activity was significantly increased over all sampling times compared to the control except in CA0.1 (P < 0.05). Myeloperoxidase activities were significantly increased in all experimental groups compared to

Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the effect of a dietary supplementation of Tilia tomentosa on blood parameters and non-specific immune responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). With this aim, common carp (4.35 ± 0.16 g) were fed with an average weight at the beginning of the experiment of 4.35 ± 0.16 g, were supplemented with a celery (Tilia tomentosa) aqueous methanolic extract at a dose of 0% (control), 0.01%, 0.05% or 0.1% during 45 days. Every 15 days of the study, blood indices (WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, and MCHC), and immune parameters such as lysozyme, respiratory burst, and myeloperoxidase activities were investigated. The results indicated that fish fed diet supplemented with 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1% T. tomentosa extract had no significant differences compared with the control on the 15th, 30th, and 45th days of the experiment (P > 0.05) except MCV of 0.1% on the 30th day of the experiment which had highest recorded value compared with other groups (P ˂ 0.05). MCHC of the control on the 30th day of the experiment also had highest recorded result compared with other groups. (P ˂ 0.05). Lysozyme activity was highest in the 0.01% and 0.1% experimental groups (P ˂ 0.05). At the end of the study, respiratory burst activity decreased on the 15th day and 30th day of the study on 0.01% and 0.1% groups (P ˂ 0.05). Myeloperoxidase activity was not affected in all experimental groups compared to control (P > 0.05). These results suggested that Tilia tomentosa has some immunomodulatory effects in common carp

Abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Chenopodium album methanolic extract supplemented with fish diet on non-specific immune activity and hematological parameters of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles. Common carp (2.4 ± 0.1 g) were divided into four main groups in triplicate (twelve aquariums, 40 fish per aquarium) fed diet containing three doses of C. album extract, CA 0, CA 0.01%, CA 0.05% and CA 0.1% kg diet individually for 45 days. The samples were collected every 15 days. The results indicated that Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) activity was significantly increased in all experimental groups at 15 and 30 days, lysozyme activity was significantly increased in all the experimental groups at 15 days. While, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was significantly improved (P < 0.05) in all experimental groups at all experimental periods, 15, 30 and 45 days compared to the control groups. Regarding hematological parameters, a significantly decreased in WBC and insignificantly changes in (RBC, Hb, HCT, MCH, MCV and MCHC in all experimental groups compared with the control. The results indicated that the supplementation of methanolic extract of Chenopodium album to carp diet was beneficial because it increases innate immune response.

Abstract: In this study, the effect of a dietary supplementation of Apium graveolens on digestive enzyme activities and growth performance of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were evaluated. C. carpio, with an average weight at the beginning of the experiment of 6.5 ± 0.07 g, were supplemented with a celery (Apium graveolens) aqueous methanolic extract at a dose of 0% (control), 0.01%, 0.05% or 0.1% over 45 d. At the end of the study, digestive enzyme activity and growth performance were investigated. Results of this study showed that the final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the 0.01% group compared with the other groups. The feed concentration ratio was decreased in the 0.01% and 1% groups compared with the control (P < 0.05). Digestive enzyme activity (trypsin, amylase and lipase) in all experimental groups was significantly elevated compared with the control (P ˂ 0.05). These results indicated growth-promoting effect and increasing digestive enzyme activity of C. carpio supplemented with an A. graveolens aqueous methanolic extract. 

Abstract: The digestive enzymes activity and the growth performance effect to the methanolic extract of Chenopodium album supplementation were examined in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles. Common carp (2.4 ± 0.1 g) were fed diets containing three doses of Chenopodium album extract (CA 0, CA 0.01%, CA 0.05% and CA 0.1% / kg of feed) individually for 45 days. The results indicated that trypsin and lipase activities were a significantly increased in 0.5% and 1% treated groups. While, amylase activity was significantly improved in all treated groups compared to the control. Final weight and weight gain were significantly enhanced in 0.01% and 0.1% treated groups. FCR and SR were insignificant changes in all experimental groups. While, SGR was significantly increased in all treated groups compared to the control. The results concluded that the supplementation of methanolic extract of Chenopodium album to carp diet could stimulate the digestive enzymes secretion and some growth performance parameters.

Abstract: In this study, the effect of a dietary supplementation of Apium graveolens on immune and haematological responses of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were evaluated. C. carpio, with an average weight at the beginning of the experiment of 6.5 ± 0.07 g, were supplemented with a celery (Apium graveolens) aqueous methanolic extract at a dose of 0% (control), 0.01%, 0.05% or 0.1% over 45 d. Every 15 d, respiratory burst, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activity were measured, and at the end of the study, haematological responses were investigated. The result showed that respiratory burst and myeloperoxidase activity was significantly improved in all treated groups compared with the control group (P ˂ 0.05). Lysozyme activity was highest in the 0.01% and 0.1% extract groups. Haematological parameters were affected by A. graveolens extract intake (P ˂ 0.05). The total white and red blood counts, haemoglobin content and haematocrit value were highest in the 0.1% extract group (P ˂ 0.05). However, the mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentration were decreased in the 0.05% group (P ˂ 0.05). These results indicated an immunostimulatory effect of A. graveolens aqueous methanolic extract for common carp. 

Abstract: In this study, the effect of a dietary supplementation of Tilia tomentosa on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were evaluated. C. carpio, with an average weight of 4.35 ± 0.16 g, were fed diet with supplemented with a celery (Tilia tomentosa) aqueous methanolic extract at the dose of 0 mg kg-1 (control), 100 mg kg-1 , 500 mg kg-1 and 1000 mg kg-1 during 45 days. At the end of the study, the final weight was significantly increased in the 100 mg kg-1 , and 1 mg kg-1 compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The weight gain rate was also significantly increased in the experimental groups’ compared with the control (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased in the 500 mg kg-1 and 1000 mg kg-1 groups compared with the control (P < 0.05). The specific growth rate was significantly increased in the 500 mg kg-1 and 1000 mg kg-1 groups compared with control group (P < 0.05). The digestive enzymes activity (Amylase, lipase and trypsin) was also measured and no significant differences in the enzymes activities were determined at the end of the study compared to control (P > 0.05). 

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an important paradigm shift of computer networking in the last 10 years. The concept of SDN is so powerful that the potential of applying it can easily be perceived beyond the initial use case of large data centre networks. We are motivated by this perception to explore the potential use of SDN in the context of home networks specifically, even though home environments were not the driving scenario behind SDN in the first years of its development. Lacking other reviews on the subject, we performed a focused search for every article that proposes, discusses or otherwise addresses the idea of implementing SDN in home networking. We surveyed four major technical and online databases (IEEE Xplore, ACM, ScienceDirect and Wiley) to ensure the inclusion of relevant, quality and authentic works. The final filtered set included 42 articles that spanned the period from 2010 to 2017. Most of the articles address specific aspects of controlling and managing home networks, such as Quality of Experience, security, Internet caps, Internet-of-Things device management and other specific themes, while the rest of articles address the generic case of managing home networks using SDN without a special focus on a particular target application. We derive a simple taxonomy for the works on home SDN and summarize the complete set of works, highlighting few points along the way and drawing few simple statistics.

Swallowwort (Cynanchum acutum L., family Asclepiadaceae) is a perennial invasive species of profound medicinal potentiality. The spread of C. acutum in diverse habitats differing in water status and extent of salinity might point to appreciable resistance of the plant to drought and salt stress. The response of C. acutum to water stress under controlled nutrient supply on sand culture was investigated to assess the effect of water status of the soil on plant use efficiency of water and nutrients. Plants were subjected to water regime (% field capacity) of: 100, 35, 25, 12.5 and 5 for 10 days in a greenhouse. Whereas plant fresh weight was reduced under the impact of water stress, dry weight exhibited its maximum under moderate drought and this was associated with the allocation of greater proportions of plant biomass to root and stem at the expense of leaves. The increase in photosynthetic pigments of stressed plants is related to the drought-induced P deprivation. The rates of photosynthesis and transpiration and the stomatal conductance were progressively inhibited under drought stress; but sub-stomatal CO 2 concentration showed a minimum at 12.5% field capacity. Soluble sugars and starch were deprived whereas proline was accumulated in the leaves under drought stress. Drought stress affected the uptake and partitioning of minerals within the plant and increased use efficiency of water and minerals, particularly P

In this article, an implementation of an efficient numerical method for solving the system of coupled non-linear fractional (Caputo sense) dynamical model of marriage (FDMM) is introduced. The proposed system describes the dynamics of love affair between couples. The method is based on the spectral collocation method using Legendre polynomials. The proposed method reduces FDMM to a system of algebraic equations, which solved using Newton iteration method. Special attention is given to study the convergence analysis and deduce an error upper bound of the resulting approximate solution. Numerical simulation is given to show the validity and the accuracy of the proposed method.