Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the growth and digestive enzyme activity parameters of rainbow trout juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss fed diets containing different levels (0%, 0.1%, 0.5% or 1%) of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Coriandrum sativum and Cassia angustifolia aqueous methanolic extract as a feed additive seventy-five days. The fish with initial weight of 22.65 ± 0.07 g were divided into 30 tanks so that 10 groups would be formed and stored as 50 fish in each tank, so the experiment was started as three replications. At the end of every month, samples are collected from the digestive system for use in measuring digestive enzymes, and scales and weights for use in measuring growth rate. Digestive enzymes like pepsin, trypsin, amylase and lipase and growth parameters such as final weight, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR). Amylase, lipase, pepsin and trypsin are different in terms of enzyme activities. The effect of medicinal plants gave a good indication of improvement in the effectiveness of digestive enzymes with the length of the experiment during the surrounding environment. The values related to the growth parameters were lower than the control group in the study where similar or low values were encountered.

The groundwater aquifers in Azintan, northwestern Libya suffer from an acute shortage of water. The groundwater was evaluated to determine its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes from major two aquifers in north and south of Azintan area. This study carried out to assess the groundwater quality and to identify major affecting variables. Twelve samples from the two aquifers were collected. The two aquifers were collected and analyzed for total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, CO32- and HCO3-. The results show that, the groundwater in many places is dominated by higher concentrations of Cl-, SO42- and HCO3-. Two water types were recognized in this region are Cl-SO4-Na-Ca and Cl-SO4-Na. Gibbs and Piper method, as well as the hardness, soluble sodium percentage and the permeability index all have been used to assess the diagram quality of the groundwater of aquifers. Further, the multiple correlations and Cluster Analysis of groundwater quality parameters were carried out for further classification and interpretation of the groundwater quality. Finally, water qualities in the study area are compared with Libyan standards and WHO guidelines of drinking water and irrigation purposes.

Abstract

The growth of two wetland forage grasses Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth. and Echinochloa stagnina (L.) P. Beauv. was investigated under NaCl salinity regarding the morphological traits, plant chemical composition, photosynthesis and the antioxidant enzymes POD and CAT. Plants of both species were irrigated with 0, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mM NaCl in a sand/perlite mixture of 1:1 (v/v). Salinity negatively affected morphological traits and plant biomass of both species, particularly E. stagnina. Soluble sugars and proline within limits, protein contents of the foliage were increased to different extents by increasing salinity, but insoluble sugar decreased. K⁺/Na⁺ ratio of shoot and root of both species was decreased as a consequence of Na⁺ accumulation and restricted K⁺ uptake. NaCl salinity adversely affected photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency of both species particularly E. stagnina. Tolerance of L. fusca and E. stagnina to salinity stress can be based on stomatal closure and reduction in leaf area, in order to minimize water loss via transpiration and increase the activity of some antioxidant enzymes to detoxifying ROS generated during stress.

Salinization is increasing on a global scale, and tolerance to salinity during germination is critical for the establishment of plants and growing in saline soil. Seed was investigated. Laboratory experiment with completely randomized design comprising three replicates in Petri dishes was conducted. In each petri-dish fifty seeds were placed. to determine the salt effects on A laboratory experiment was carried out to assess the germination and early seedling growth response to salinity stress of, which are common medicinal species in Libya. Seeds of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) were treated with various concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150,200 and 300 mM L1). control was moistened with ten milliliters of distilled water. The salt stress decreased seed germination the response of Trigonella foenum-graecum to salt stress and water stress was evaluated at the germination stage. The severe reduction in germination percentage and particularly germination speed with prolonged lag period by moderate salinity level of 100 mM NaCl, suggests that Fenugreek is a salt-sensitive species during germination. Salinity reduced germination uniformity and germination synchrony and might delay start of germination but accelerates its termination with a consequent shortening of the time spread of germination. The recovery percentage was lower but speed of recovery was higher compared with the corresponding parameters of non-treated seeds. Recovery percentage was slightly improved with the increase in the level of salinity pretreatment.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis causes sufferers much discomfort. Phytotherapy with garlic has been reported to be a possible alternative form of treatment; however, it is unknown why patients report varying success with this strategy. Fresh garlic extract has been shown to down-regulate the putative virulence gene, SIR2 in C. albicans. Our study aimed to see if previous observations were reproducible for the gene responsible for Candidalysin (ECE1). Two clinical strains from patients with reported variable efficacy of using garlic for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis were compared through biofilm assays and antimicrobial susceptibility. Real-time PCR was used to assess changes in gene expression when exposed to garlic. Treatment with fresh garlic extract and pure allicin (an active compound produced in cut garlic) resulted in a decrease in SIR2 expression in all strains. In contrast, ECE1 expression was up-regulated in a reference strain and an isolate from a patient unresponsive to garlic therapy, while in an isolate from a patient responsive to garlic therapy, down-regulation of ECE1 occurred. future studies that investigate the effectiveness of phytotherapies should take into account possible varying responses of individual strains and that gene expression may be amplified in the presence of serum.

 Background: Caves are unique natural features and habitats where specialized organisms grow. One of the world’s main concerns is that of the conservation and preservation of our cultural heritage, including rock art and wall

paintings within caves.

Methods: This study was conducted by collecting the samples scraped from wall surfaces at 19 different location in painted caves of Niah cave, Sarawak, and Tempurung cave, Perak. Morphospecies identification and genomic DNA polymorphisms were used to identify the two strains of bacteria. The growth was controlled chemical method using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Calcium hypochlorite Ca (OCl) 2 and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂).

Results: Morphospecies identification was carried out using a light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), both the bacteria, bacteria I and bacteria II were isolated from the soil samples and were Gram-negative bacteria. Based on BLAST search, bacteria I showed 100% with Stenotrophomonas sp (NR 024708.1), and bacteria II showed 100% with Cryptococcus liquefaciens (NR 043289. 1). The growth was controlled chemical method using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Calcium hypochlorite Ca (OCl) 2 and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The laboratory studies showed that three chemical were effectively eliminated colonies/cells of the both bacteria compared to the colonies found on the control pate this stud

 The aim of the present paper is to develop a generalized fractional kinetic equation involving generalized multi-variable Mittag-Leffler function. Using the Laplace transform, the solutions of the fractional kinetic equation are established in terms on general Mittag-Leffler function. The results obtained here are general in nature to yield a large number known and (presumably) new results as their special cases. 

The Aqaba complex located at the southeastern of Jordan, exposes coexisting mafic-felsic association typical of syn-to pre-plate collision magmatism. The bulk of the pluton is made of quartz monzonite, granite and granodiorite. New U-Pb zircon dating revealed a synchronous emplacement of the granite (605 ± 4.6 and 617±3.7 Ma), granodiorite (613 ±4.4, 612 ±3.6 and 611.8±4.9 Ma) and quartz monzonite (608± 5.4 Ma). The whole-rock geochemistry indicate that the source for the quartz monzonite, granite and granodiorites could have been a continental arc-derived from mantle sources and mature metagreywackes. Melting of this crustal material was subduction related , which could have been an enriched mantle-derived melt contaminated. The Aqaba complex is a part of a the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) are juvenile in character, Neoproterozoic, including in addition five large plutonic suites ; Rahma , Darba , Rumman,Urf and Yutum suite. The genesis of these suites were likely induced by mantle-derived magma in the shallow crust while their spatially and temporally discrete emplacement at shallow levels was probably related to the (extensional) of lithospheric boundaries, which represent a feasible fertile source for such granitoids.