Abstract

The growth of two wetland forage grasses Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth. and Echinochloa stagnina (L.) P. Beauv. was investigated under NaCl salinity regarding the morphological traits, plant chemical composition, photosynthesis and the antioxidant enzymes POD and CAT. Plants of both species were irrigated with 0, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mM NaCl in a sand/perlite mixture of 1:1 (v/v). Salinity negatively affected morphological traits and plant biomass of both species, particularly E. stagnina. Soluble sugars and proline within limits, protein contents of the foliage were increased to different extents by increasing salinity, but insoluble sugar decreased. K⁺/Na⁺ ratio of shoot and root of both species was decreased as a consequence of Na⁺ accumulation and restricted K⁺ uptake. NaCl salinity adversely affected photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency of both species particularly E. stagnina. Tolerance of L. fusca and E. stagnina to salinity stress can be based on stomatal closure and reduction in leaf area, in order to minimize water loss via transpiration and increase the activity of some antioxidant enzymes to detoxifying ROS generated during stress.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis causes sufferers much discomfort. Phytotherapy with garlic has been reported to be a possible alternative form of treatment; however, it is unknown why patients report varying success with this strategy. Fresh garlic extract has been shown to down-regulate the putative virulence gene, SIR2 in C. albicans. Our study aimed to see if previous observations were reproducible for the gene responsible for Candidalysin (ECE1). Two clinical strains from patients with reported variable efficacy of using garlic for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis were compared through biofilm assays and antimicrobial susceptibility. Real-time PCR was used to assess changes in gene expression when exposed to garlic. Treatment with fresh garlic extract and pure allicin (an active compound produced in cut garlic) resulted in a decrease in SIR2 expression in all strains. In contrast, ECE1 expression was up-regulated in a reference strain and an isolate from a patient unresponsive to garlic therapy, while in an isolate from a patient responsive to garlic therapy, down-regulation of ECE1 occurred. future studies that investigate the effectiveness of phytotherapies should take into account possible varying responses of individual strains and that gene expression may be amplified in the presence of serum.

The Aqaba complex located at the southeastern of Jordan, exposes coexisting mafic-felsic association typical of syn-to pre-plate collision magmatism. The bulk of the pluton is made of quartz monzonite, granite and granodiorite. New U-Pb zircon dating revealed a synchronous emplacement of the granite (605 ± 4.6 and 617±3.7 Ma), granodiorite (613 ±4.4, 612 ±3.6 and 611.8±4.9 Ma) and quartz monzonite (608± 5.4 Ma). The whole-rock geochemistry indicate that the source for the quartz monzonite, granite and granodiorites could have been a continental arc-derived from mantle sources and mature metagreywackes. Melting of this crustal material was subduction related , which could have been an enriched mantle-derived melt contaminated. The Aqaba complex is a part of a the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) are juvenile in character, Neoproterozoic, including in addition five large plutonic suites ; Rahma , Darba , Rumman,Urf and Yutum suite. The genesis of these suites were likely induced by mantle-derived magma in the shallow crust while their spatially and temporally discrete emplacement at shallow levels was probably related to the (extensional) of lithospheric boundaries, which represent a feasible fertile source for such granitoids.

Abstract. The growth of lampenflora detracts the natural beauty of cave walls, and threatens their archaeological value.

This is a real problem in Malaysian caves, therefore, an attempt should be made to eliminate these unwanted microorganisms. Ultraviolet light destroys harmful microbes such as bacteria, yeast. molds, viruses and algae, and ultraviolet radiation is less toxic to cave dwellers such as birds, reptiles and visitors. So ultraviolet radiation can be a way to control microorganisms or reduce their numbers. In this study. we studied the effect of ultraviolet radiation on microorganisms isolated from selected Malaysian caves to control and eliminate them AlterS minutes exposure, 254mm UV-C effectively eliminated colonies of Pseudomonas aerginosa and Stenotrophomonas sp. But P. guilliermondi and

R. dairenensis were eliminated to the zero after 30 mivutes of treatment, but C. Liquefaciens needed 60 minutes to be treated. Synechochococcus sp and Micractinium sp. fell to zero after exposure to 240 of UV-C

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an important paradigm shift of computer networking in the last 10 years. The concept of SDN is so powerful that the potential of applying it can easily be perceived beyond the initial use case of large data centre networks. We are motivated by this perception to explore the potential use of SDN in the context of home networks specifically, even though home environments were not the driving scenario behind SDN in the first years of its development. Lacking other reviews on the subject, we performed a focused search for every article that proposes, discusses or otherwise addresses the idea of implementing SDN in home networking. We surveyed four major technical and online databases (IEEE Xplore, ACM, ScienceDirect and Wiley) to ensure the inclusion of relevant, quality and authentic works. The final filtered set included 42 articles that spanned the period from 2010 to 2017. Most of the articles address specific aspects of controlling and managing home networks, such as Quality of Experience, security, Internet caps, Internet-of-Things device management and other specific themes, while the rest of articles address the generic case of managing home networks using SDN without a special focus on a particular target application. We derive a simple taxonomy for the works on home SDN and summarize the complete set of works, highlighting few points along the way and drawing few simple statistics.

الملخص

مجموعة صخور النوبية الرملية هي واحدة من أهم التكوينات الحاملة النفط والغاز في حوض سرت العبادي [1]. وتتكون المجموعة من الرواسب غير البحرية من العصر الطباشيري السفلى وتنقسم إلى ثلاثة تشكيلات. الحجرالرملي النوبي السفلي ، والحجر الرملي العلوي النوبي والطبقة الصخرية الطينية تفصلهما اثنين من الأحجار الرملية، محليا تقسم الحجر الرملي النوبي السفلى و النوبي العلوي، مفصولة بالصخر الزيتي الأوسط. تحديد الصخور الحجرية له معنى مهم لتقدير احتياطي النفط من حيث كفاءة الخزان والقدرة على التخزين.ان تحديد هوية المعدنية للصخور من سرود الابار مهم جدا ،حيث عملت مقارنة بالرسم البياني ρma و ΔTma والعلاقة التحليلية لمعرفة بنية التركيب المعدني للخزان الرمل الصخري، وعرض البيئة الترسبية الرئيسية المؤثرة. بالإضافة إلى تأثيرات معدن البيرايت، في المواد العضوية في جميع هذه الخزان المدروسة بن غوار بم [2]. وبالتالي، فإن مجموعة متنوعة من قيم العلاقات البيانية ساهمت في ذلك خصوصا في المعادن الطينية الموجودة في هذا النوع من الخزانات. هذه الدراسة استندت إلى بيانات سرود الابار لاكثر من 872 Q2 قدم 646 3V3 قدم ، من أسفل إلى أعلى وفقا للخصائص الترسيبية والبيتروفيزيائية. وتمت عمل التحليل المتاحة (بالاضافة لقطع العينات في تكوين الحجر الرملي النوبي السفلي) من بعض الآبار التي تم حفرها في تراكيب 3, 59 V وفقا لعلم الرسوبيات والبترولوجيا والعمليات الدياجينيتيك التي ارتبطة بالتحليل مع النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها من تفسيرسرود الابار . تحليل هذه السجلات استنادا إلى نتائج العلاقات البيانية المختلفة، بدعم من التحقيق البيتروغرافيك و الديجينيتيك، سمح بتحديد نوعية المعادن، وتحديد معادن الطينية في التكوين، وتقدير البيئة الترسيب. هذا التكوين تشمل الآبار 3v3 ،3v4، Q1و Q2. تحليل سرود الابار تم من خلالها الحصول علي معلومات هامة ,حيث الكوارتز نجده في كل النطاقات والطين الناتج من العمليات التحويرية نتج عنه الكاولينات في الجزء العلوي من منطقة الدراسة .أما معدن الاليت والسمكيتات الناتج من تحلل الطين والملتحم بالكلسيات والكاولينيات في الجزء الأوسط من النطاق والمونتومورليت و الاليت - الكاولينيات في الجزء السفلي . المادة اللاحمة لتكوين النوبه تكونت أساسا من إعادة التبلور للكوارتز و معها الانهيدرايت والكلوريت وبعض معادن الطين( الكاولينيات والكلورايت مع الاليت- سمكيتات ). الفحص البيتروغرافي يظهر أن الرمال هي مكوانات معدنية وتم نضوجها. وأسفرت العمليات الدجينية عن أنواع مختلفة من الإسمنت والكلوريت. إن التأكد من تحديد المعادن وتقدير التغيرات الترسيبية باستخدام مختلف العلاقات البيانية المتاحة والبيانات المستمدة من تحليل الكور اللنوبي السفلي هي رمال عادت متوسطة الحجم. وتعكس هذه القيم تكوين الكوارتز / الكاولينيت الأخير ووجود كربونات الحديد (على سبيل المثال سيديريت و / أو أنكيريت) والبيريت في السابق. تم تأكيد هذه الخصائص من قبل العلاقات البيانية (ماتريكس الكثافة) بالمقابل و (مقطع امتصاص عرضي من السرد). و (مؤشر امتصاص الكهروضوئية) ضد سجل TH / K وتأكيد الكاولينيت كاحد معادن الطينية الأكثر شيوعا. وتظهر مختلف القطع المتقاطعة التي تم الحصول عليها من تحليل سجلات أشعة جاما الطيفية. أن الحجر الرملي يتميز وبوفرة الثوريوم ، وكميات ضئيلة من البوتاسيوم واليورانيوم المحلي، وتفسر على أنها تشير إلى البيئة القارية النهرية. كميات أعلى من البوتاسيوم والصخر الزيتي الوسطى تحدد بيئة ترسيبة البحيرية.

AAPG "Siliciclastic Reservoirs of the Middle East" GTW took place from 15-16 May 2017 at the Grand Hyatt Amman Hotel in Jordan.

The workshop was dedicated to knowledge sharing, exchanging ideas and workflows pertaining to exploration and development of siliciclastic reservoirs in the Middle East region. 44 industry professionals from 9 countries and 16 companies attended the workshop. The 15 presentations which formed the technical program covered the following topics:

• Integrated Stratigraphic Techniques and Studies: A Better Way of Correlation
• Understanding the Depositional Environments and Processes of Clastic Reservoirs
• Structure, Geomechanics and Fluid Flow Properties of Siliciclastic Reservoirs
• Diagenetic Controls on Reservoir Quality: Assessment and Prediction

Core provided by National Petroleum Company, Jordan and Saudi Aramco was on display throughout the workshop. The core was carefully selected to compliment the technical program and participants had time each day to view and discuss the core samples.

Highlights of the workshop included two inaugural keynote speeches delivered by:

• Sa'id Al Hajri, Saudi Aramco, AAPG Middle East Past President
• Abdulkaker Abed, Professor of Geology, University of Jordan

All of the attendees also benefitted from informative breakout discussion sessions, held at the end of each day.

The workshop was followed by an optional two-day field trip to Wadi Rum (17-18 May 2017), led by Ahmed Masri, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Jordan.

We would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank Saudi Aramco as the Platinum Sponsor of this workshop.

The present work reports a facile approach to the one-pot solution growth of vertically

aligned, doped ZnO nanorod (NR) arrays by chemical bath deposition (CBD). The effects of

dopant ions on the final morphologies, electronic band structures and donor densities of

ZnO NRs were examined. With the introduction of dopants, the optical band gap energies

of the samples were reduced. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performances

of the doped ZnO NRs were tested. When compared with pristine ZnO NRs, the doped ZnO

NRs demonstrated an improvement of at least 15% in the PEC water splitting activity. Nadoped ZnO NRs was the most efficient photoanode, where its photocurrent density was 2.1

times greater than that of pristine ZnO NRs. The mechanism for improved PEC performance was proposed

Abstract and figures

We performed a comprehensive study of trichomes considering the medicinal importance of the essential oils produced in glandular trichomes of Salvia aegyptiaca L. and lack of data about leaf trichome characteristics. Micromorphological and histochemical analyses of the trichomes of S. aegyptiaca were carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. We report that the leaves contained abundant non-glandular unbranched trichomes and two types of glandular trichomes, peltate and capitate, on both leaf surfaces. The abaxial leaf side was covered with numerous peltate and capitate trichomes, while capitate trichomes were more abundant on the adaxial leaf side, where peltate trichomes were rarely observed. The non-glandular trichomes were unicellular papillae and multicellular, uniseriate, two-to-six-celled, erect or slightly leaning toward the epidermis. Peltate trichomes were composed of a basal cell, a short cylindrical stalk cell and a broad head of eight secretory cells arranged in a single circle. Capitate trichomes consisted of a one-celled glandular head, subtended by a stalk of variable length, and classified into two types: Capitate trichomes type I (or short-stalked glandular trichomes) and capitate trichomes type II (or long-stalked glandular trichomes). Histochemical tests showed that the secreted material in all types of S. aegyptiaca glandular trichomes was of a complex nature. Positive reactions to lipids for both types of glandular trichomes were obtained, with especially abundant secretion observed in peltate and capitate trichomes type II.

• Cereal and its products can be contaminated with fungi in the field, during drying, processing, transportation and subsequent storage, which may lead to secretion of mycotoxins under favourable condition. The aim of this study was the isolation and identification of some fungi associated with four kinds of Libyan food products of different trademarks. Twenty four (24) samples of couscous, macaroni, wheat flour and rice regularly used for human consumption by Libyan family were collected from local markets in the city of Alzawia, west of Tripoli, Libya. The results reveal isolation of 113 isolates belonging to nine genera: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Alternaria, Rhizopus, Mucor, Scopulariopsis and Cladosporum. Approximately 24 species were identified to belong to those isolated genera, several of which are known as main producer of mycotoxins especially A. flavus which are known to produce aflatoxins, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus carbonarious, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium verrucosum known to produce ochratoxin and Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium chlamydosporum known to produce fumonisins and trichothecenes. Certainly, the occurrence of such types of mycotoxins can pose a health threatening risk for the consumer of those food items. Presence of these fungi in food products could be due to lack of good agriculture and food manufacturing practices throughout the food chain.
• Key words: Couscous, macaroni, wheat flour, rice, fungi, Libya.